| C-AXIS CONTROL | Controlling a tool angle using a C command.
|
| C–AXIS SYNCHRONOUS CONTROL | Using two motors to synchronously control the punch and die of a tool under C–axis control.
|
| CALIBRATION | Adjustment
of
a
device,
such
that
the
output
is
within
a
specified
tolerance
for
particular
values
of
the
input
|
| CALIPER | A device used to measure inside or outside
dimensions.
|
| CALLING A SUBPROGRAM STORED IN EXTERNAL MEMORY | Calling and executing a subprogram from an external input/output device
such as a floppy cassette or program File Mate during memory operation.
|
| CAM | A device for converting regular rotary motion
to irregular rotary or reciprocating motion.
Sometimes the effect of off-center lathe operations.
|
| CANCEL | A
ccmmand
which
will
discontinue
any
canned
cycles
or
sequence
commands
|
| CANNED CYCLE | Set of predefined sequences prepared for boring, drilling, and/or tapping.
|
| CANNED CYCLE | A
preset
sequence
of
events
initiated
by
a
single
NC
ccmmand,
e.g.,
G84
for
NC
tap
cycle.
Aiks
fixed
cycle
|
| CANONICAL FORM | A
standard
numerical
representation
of
data
|
| CAPP | Computer Aided Process Plan
|
| CARBIDE TOOL BITS | Lathe cutting tools to which
carbide tip inserts have been brazed, to provide
cutting action on harder materials than the high speed
cutters are capable of
|
| CARBON STEEL | A broad term applied to tool steel other
than high-speed or alloy steel.
|
| CARBONIZING | The process of adding carbon to the
outer surface of steel to improve its quality by heat
treating it in contact with a carbonaceous material.
|
| CARBORUNDUM | A trade name for an abrasive
compounded of silicon and carbon (silicon carbide)
|
| CARD PUNCH | Device
for
punching
holes
in
a
card
in
accordance
with
a
standard
code
|
| CARD READER | Equipment
for
sensing
and
transmitting
recorded
instructions
from
a
pattern
of
holes
on
a
punched
card
|
| CARD TO TAPE CONVERTER | A
device
which
converts
information
directly
from
punched
cards
to
punched
or
magnetic
tape
|
| CARRIAGE | A principal part of a lathe that carries the
cutting tool and consists of the saddle, compound rest, and apron.
|
| CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATES | Means
whereby
the
position
of
a
point
can
be
defined
with
reference
to
a
set
of
axes
at
right
angles
to
each
other
|
| CASE HARDENING | A heat treating process, basically
carbonizing. that makes the surface layer or case of
steel substantially harder than the interior or core.
|
| CASTIGATED NUT (CASTLE NUT) | A nut with grooves cut
entirely across the top face.
|
| CASTING | A part made by pouring molten metal into a
mold.
|
| CATHEAD | A collar or sleeve which fits loosely over a
shaft to which it is clamped by setscrews.
|
| CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) | A
display
device
in
which
controlled
electron
beams
are
used
to
present
alphanumeric
or
graphical
data
on
a
luminescent
screen
|
| CENTER | A point or axis around which anything
revolves or rotates. 1 n the lathe. one of the parts upon
which the work to be turned is placed. The center in
the headstock is referred to as the "live" center and the
one mounted in the tailstock as the "dead" center.
|
| CENTER DRILL | A combined countersink and drill
to prepare work for mounting centers.
|
| CENTER GAGE | A small, flat gage having 60 degree
angles that is used for grinding and setting the thread
cutting tools in a lathe. It may also be used to check
the pitch of threads and the points of center.
|
| CENTER HEAD | A part of a combination square set that
is used to find the center of or to bisect a round or
square workpiece.
|
| CENTER PUNCH | A pointed hand tool made of
hardened
steel and shaped somewhat like a pencil.
|
| CENTER, DEAD | A center that does not
commonly found on the tailstock of a lathe.
expression for the exact center of an object
|
| CENTER, HALF MALE | A dead center that has a portion
of the 60 degree cone cut away.
|
| CENTER, LIVE | A center that revolves with the work.
Generally. this is the headstock center; however, the
ball bearing type tailstock center is also called a live
center.
|
| CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) | The
portion
of
a
computer
system
consisting
of
the
arithmetic
and
control
units
and
the
working
memory
|
| CERAMIC | A new type of cutting tool material made
of aluminum oxide, or silicon carbide that is finding
increased use where high speed and resistance to high
temperatures and wear are factors
|
| CHAD | Pieces
of
material
removed
in
card
or
tape
punching
operation.
|
| CHAD DETECTOR | A
circuit
built
into
a
numerical
control
system
to
check
for
Chad
in
the
holes
of
punched
tape
|
| CHAIN GEARING (CHAIN DRIVE) | Power transmission by
means of an endless chain running around chain
wheels (chain pulley) and/or sprocket wheels.
|
| CHAMFER | The bevel or angular surface cut on the
edge or a corner of a machined part.
|
| CHAMFERING | Obliquely cutting an inner or outer corner of a workpiece.
|
| CHANGING WORKPIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM | Relocating the origin of a workpiece coordinate system.
|
| CHARACTER | One
of
a
set
of
symbols.
The
general
term
to
include
all
symbols
such
as
alphabetic
letters,
numerals,
punctuation
marks,
mathematic
operators,
etc.
Also,
the
coded
representation
of
such
symbols
|
| CHASING THREADS | Cutting threads in a lathe or screw
machine.
|
| CHATTER | The vibrations caused between the work and
the cutting tool which leave distinctive tool marks on
the finished surface that are objectionable.
|
| CHIP | A
single
piece
of
silicon
which
has
been
cut
from
a
slice
by
scribing
and
breaking.
It
can
contain
one
or
more
circuits
but
is
packaged
as
a
unit
|
| CHIP BREAKER | A small groove ground back of the
cutting edge on the top of a cutting tool to keep the
chips short.
|
| CHIPPING | The process of cutting metal with a cold
chisel and hammer
|
| CHISEL | Any one of a variety of small hand cutting
tools, generally wedge-shaped
|
| CHOPPING FUNCTION | Grinding the side surface of a workpiece by executing a contour program for
an axis other than the grinding axis while constantly moving the grinding axis
back and forth.
|
| CHUCK | A device on a machine tool to hold the
workpiece or a cutting tool.
|
| CHUCK AND TAIL STOCK BARRIER | Checking for interference between the chuck, tail stock, and tool to prevent
damage to the machine.
|
| CHUCK, INDEPENDENT JAW | A chuck, each of whose
jaws (usually four) is adjusted with a screw action
independently of the other jaws.
|
| CHUCK, UNIVERSAL (SELF-CENTERING CHUCK, CONCENTRIC
CHUCK) | A chuck whose jaws are so arranged that
they are all moved together at the same rate by a
special wrench.
|
| CIRCLE CUTTING FUNCTION | Simplified machining method for producing a true circle by moving a tool
along the circumference of a target circle from the center of the circle.
|
| CIRCULAR
INTERPOLATION | 1.
Capability
of
generating
up
to
90
degrees
of
arc
using
one
block
of
information
as
defined
by
EIA.
2.
A
mode
of
contouring
control
which
uses
the
information
contained
in
a
single
block
to
produce
an
arc
of
a
circle
|
| CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION | Obtaining a path necessary to move the tool along an arc in a specified plane.
|
| CIRCULAR PITCH | The distance measured on the pitch
circle from a point on a gear tooth to the same point
on the next gear tooth.
|
| CIRCULAR THREADING | Combination of two-axis circular interpolation and linear interpolation for up to
two axes, one of which is the major axis in circular interpolation while the
other is any axis. Circular threading can be used for constant-pitch threading,
grooving, and tool grinding on a barrel-shaped surface.
|
| CLAMP OF MAXIMUM SPINDLE SPEED | Specifying a rotation speed per minute as the maximum spindle speed during
constant surface speed control.
|
| CLDATA | Cutter
location
data
|
| CLEAR | To
erase
the
contents
of
a
storage
device
by
replacing
the
contents
with
blanks
or
zeros
|
| CLEARANCE
DISTANCE | The
distance
between
the
tool
and
the
workpiece
when
the
change
is
made
fran
rapid
approach
to
feed
movement
to
avoid
tool
breakage
|
| CLEARANCE | The distance or angle by which one
objector surface clears another.
|
| CLEARANCE ANGLE | The angle between the rear surface
of a cutting tool and the surface of the work at the
point of contact.
|
| CLEARED STATE | Initially specified device state.
|
| CLFILE | Cutter
location
file
(see
CLDATA)
|
| CLIMB MILLING | A method of milling in which the
work table moves in the same direction as the
direction of rotation of the milling center. Sometimes
called down cutting or down milling.
|
| CLOCK | A
device
which
generates
periodic
synchronization
signals
|
| CLOSED
LOOP | A
signal
path
in
which
outputs
are
fed
back
for
comparison
with
desired
values
to
regulate
system
behaviour
|
| CLUTCH, FRICTION (FRICTION COUPLING) | A shaft coupling used where it is necessary to provide a connection that can be readily engaged or disengaged
while one of the shafts is in motion.
|
| CNC | Computer
(Computerized)
Numerical
Control
-
A
numerical
control
system
wherein
a
dedicated,
stored
programme
computer
is
used
to
perform
some
or
all
of
the
basic
numerical
control
functions
|
| CNC MACHINING | CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining uses computers to control and monitor the movements of a machine tool during the manufacturing process.
|
| CO-ORDINATE
DIMENSIONING
WORD | 1.
A
word
in
a
block
of
machining
information
2.
A
word
defining
an
that
provides
instruction
for
one
of
the
machines
axes.
absolute
dimension
|
| CO-ORDINATE
DIMENSIONING | A
system
of
dimensioning
based
on
a
common starting
point
|
| COG | A tooth in the rim of a wheel - a gear tooth in a
gear wheel.
|
| COLD-ROLLED STEEL | Steel that has been rolled to
accurate size and smooth finish when made. In
contrast, hot-rolled steel may have a rough, pitted
surface and slag inclusion.
|
| COLLET | A precision work holding chuck which centers
finished round stock automatically when tightened.
Specialized collets are also a-, available in shapes for other than round stock.
|
| COLOR METHOD | A technique of heat treating metal by
observing the color changes that occur to determine
the proper operation to perform to achieve the desired
results.
|
| COMBINATION SQUARE | A drafting and layout tool
combining a square, a level. A protractor, and a
center head.
|
| COMMAND | An
operative
order
which
initiates
a
movement
or
a
function
|
| COMMAND FORMAT | Array of program component enabling direct manipulation of the CNC.
|
| COMMENT SECTION | Information such as comments and directions output to the operator.
|
| COMMON VARIABLE | Macro variable that can be used by two or more different custom macro programs.
|
| COMPATIBILITY | The
interchangeability
of
items
|
| COMPENSATING BACKLASH ALONG C-AXIS FOR EACH TOOL GROUP | Compensating the position of tools that can be controlled using the C-axis for
C-axis backlash.
|
| COMPENSATING POSITION OF C-AXIS | Correcting mechanical error when a tool that can be controlled using the
C-axis is mounted.
|
| COMPENSATION AXIS | Axis having a setpoint or actual value modified by a compensation value.
|
| COMPENSATION FUNCTION | Generic term applied to tool path, backlash, and pitch error compensation.
|
| COMPENSATION TABLE | Table of intermediate (interpolation) points. This table supplies the compensation values of the compensation axis for selected positions of the base axis.
|
| COMPENSATION VALUE | Difference between the axis position measured by the position sensor and the desired, programmed axis position.
|
| COMPILER | A
programme
which
translates
from
high-level
problan-oriented
computer
languages
to
machine-oriented
instructions
|
| COMPONENT | One
of
the
parts
of
which
an
entity
is
composed
|
| COMPOSITE CONTROL (TWO - PATH CONTROL FUNCTION) | Two-path control in which a move command for an axis in one of the paths is
exchanged with a move command for an axis in the other path.
|
| COMPOSITE CONTROL (TWO– PATH CONTROL FUNCTION) | Two–path control in which a move command for an axis in one of the paths is exchanged with a move command for an axis in the other path.
|
| COMPOUND (REST) | The part of a lathe set on the
carriage that carries the tool post and holder. It is
designed to swing in any direction and to provide feed
for turning short angles or tapers.
|
| COMPUTER
AIDED
DESIGN
(CAD) | A
process
which
uses
a
computer
in
the
creation
or
modification
of
a
design
|
| COMPUTER
AIDED
DESIGN/COMPUTER
AIDED
MANUFACTURE
(CADCAM) | The
integration
of
computer
aided
design
with
computer
aided
manufacture
|
| COMPUTER
AIDED
ENGINEERING
(CAE) | The
use
of
computing
facilities
in
the
integration
of
all
aspects
of
design
and
manufacture
to
create
an
integrated
engineering
facility
|
| COMPUTER
PART
PROGRAMMING | The
preparation
of
a
part
programme
to
obtain
a
machine
programme
using
a
computer
and
appropriate
processor
and
part
processor
|
| COMPUTER | A
device
capable
of
accepting
information
in
the
form
of
signals
or
symbols,
performing
prescribed
operations
on
the
information,
and
providing
results
as
outputs
|
| COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN | Commonly known as CAD. CAD programs allow users to digitally design parts that are to be milled, 3D printed or rendered.
|
| COMPUTER AIDED MACHINING | Also known as CAM, this is the software used to control machine tools during the manufacturing of work pieces.
|
| CONCAVE | A curved depression in the surface of an
object.
|
| CONCENTRIC | Accurately centered or having a
common center.
|
| CONE PULLEY | A one-piece stepped pulley having two
or more diameters
|
| CONFIGURATION | The
manner
in
which
items
are
arranged
|
| CONICAL INTERPOLATION | Obtaining a conical path by adding a one-axis movement command to a spiral
interpolation command to specify an increment/decrement per spiral turn
for the added axis.
|
| CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED CONTROL | Controlling the spindle speed during turning so that the cutting feedrate
remains constant despite changes in the target radius.
|
| CONTINUOUS
PATH
OPERATION | An
operation
in
which
rate
and
direction
of
relative
movement
of
machine
members
is
under
continuous
numerical
control.
There
is
no
pause
for
data
reading
|
| CONTINUOUS THREADING | Threading in which threading command blocks are specified continuously so
that spindle synchronization is not lost between blocks. This method is useful
for producing special threads such as one for which the lead changes midway.
|
| CONTINUOUS-PATH MODE | The purpose of continuous-path control mode is to prevent excessive deceleration of path axes at part program block limits and to ensure the smoothest possible transition to the next block.
|
| CONTOUR | The outline of an object
|
| CONTOURING
CONTROL
SYSTEM | An
NC
system
for
controlling
a
machine
(milling,
drafting,
etc.)
in
a
path
resulting
from
the
co-ordinated,
simultaneous
motion
of
2
or
more
axes
|
| CONTOURING | An
operation
in
which
simultaneous
control
of
more
than
one
axis
is
accomplished
|
| CONTROL
TAPE | A
tape
on
which
a
machine
programme
is
recorded
|
| CONTROLLED
PAIH
(ROBOTS) | The
straight
line
motion
of
a
defined
offset
tool
All
robot
axes
are
interpolated
through
the
]
point
between
programed
points.
programmed
span
|
| CONTROLLED AXIS | Axis controlled by the CNC or PMC.
|
| CONVERSATIONAL AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING FUNCTION | Programming by entering data in response to figures and guidance displayed
on the screen,
|
| CONVERSATIONAL PROGRAMMING WITH GRAPHIC FUNCTION | Interactively programming blocks, one at a time, based on a G code menu
displayed on the screen.
|
| CONVEX | The curved surface of a cylinder, as a sphere
when viewed from without
|
| COOLANT | A common term given to the numerous
cutting fluids or compounds used with cutting tools to
increase the tool life and to improve surface finish on
the material.
|
| COORDINATE SYSTEM | Right-hand orthogonal coordinate system in which three linear axes, X, Y,
and Z, are normal to one another. This is used to define coordinates for
informing the CNC of the position to which the tool is to be fed.
|
| COORDINATE SYSTEM ROTATION | Rotating a figure, specified in a program, around a specified point.
|
| CORE
MEMORY | A
high
speed
random
access
data
storage
device
utilizing
arrays
of
magnetic
ferrite
cores,
usually
employed
as
a
working
computer
memory
|
| CORE
RESIDENT | Pivotal
programmes
permanently
stored
in
core
memory
for
frequent
execution
|
| CORNER CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION | Circular interpolation performed at a corner of the tool path by using the tool
offset values as the corner radius in offset mode for tool nose radius compensation.
|
| CORNER OFFSET CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION | Circular interpolation performed at a corner between blocks by using the tool
offset value as the corner radius during cutter compensation.
|
| CORNER R | Grinding the outer or inner corner of a workpiece to make it round.
|
| CORROSION | Oxidation (rusting) or similar chemical
change in metals.
|
| COUNTER | A
device
or
memory
location
whose
value
or
contents
can
be
incremented
or
decremented
in
response
to
an
input
signal
|
| COUNTERBORE | To enlarge the top part of a hole to a
specific size, as for the head of a socket-head or cap
screw. Also, the tool that is used
|
| COUNTERSINK | To enlarge the top part of a hole at an
angle for a flat-head screw. Also, the tool that is
used.
|
| CROSS FEED | The feed that operates across the axis of
the workpiece or at right angles to the main or
principal feed on a machine.
|
| CROSS SECTION | A view showing an internal structure
as it would be revealed by cutting through the piece in any plane.
|
| CRT/MDI | Panel which incorporates both a cathode ray tube (CRT) and a manual data
input (MDI) keyboard. Used to display and set program and data in the CNC.
|
| CRUCIBLE STEEL | A high-grade tool steel made by
melting selected materials in a crucible.
|
| CS AXIS CONTROL SWITCHING FUNCTION | Program-controlled switching between Cs axes (spindles subjected to contour
control) controlled by each tool part.
|
| CURRENT POSITION DISPLAY | Displaying the current tool position using coordinates.
|
| CURSOR | Visual
movable
pointer
used
on
a
CRT
by
an
operator
to
indicate
where
corrections
or
additions
are
to
be
made
|
| CUSTOM MACRO | A program or sub-program which, in addition to commanding motion and giving
commands to the machine, can also communicate with the PMC, do calculations,
and do conditional executions, branches and loops.
|
| CUSTOM MACRO INTERRUPT SIGNAL | Interrupt signal used to execute an interruption type custom macro.
|
| CUTTER
DIAMETER
COMPENSATION | A
system
in
which
the
programmed
path
may
be
altered
to
allow
for
the
difference
between
actual
and
programmed
cutter
diameters
|
| CUTTER
OFFSET | 1.
The
distance
from
the
part
surface
to
the
axial
centre
of
2.
An
NC
feature
which
allows
an
operator
to
use
an
oversized
or
a
cutter.
undersized
cutter
|
| CUTTER
PATH | The
path
described
by
the
centre
of
a
cutter
|
| CUTTER COMPENSATION | Shifting a tool path programmed for a tool by the offset value (radius) of the
tool in a direction normal to the tool path.
|
| CUTTER COMPENSATION MEMORY | Number of cutter compensation values which can be stored in CNC memory.
|
| CUTTING FEED | Feeding a tool at a speed (cutting feedrate) specified in a program.
|
| CUTTING FEEDRATE CLAMP | Clamping the cutting feedrate to the upper limit specified with the CNC if a
command specifies a value greater than the upper limit.
|
| CUTTING FEEDRATE OVERRIDE | Manual control in which the operator can change the cutting feedrate.
|
| CUTTING FLUID | A liquid used to cool and lubricate the
cutting to improve the work surface finish.
|
| CUTTING MODE | Operation mode in which the tool moves to the next block without being
decelerated at the end of the current block.
|
| CUTTING SPEED | The surface speed of the workpiece in
a lathe or a rotating cutter, commonly expressed in
feet per minute (FPM) and converted to revolutions
per minute (RPM) for proper setting on the machine.
|
| CUTTING TOOL | A hardened piece of metal (tool steel)
that is machined and ground so that it has the shape
and cutting edges appropriate for the operation for
which it is to be used.
|
| CYANIDING | A process of case hardening steel by
heating in molten cyanide.
|
| CYCLE
TIME | The
period
required
for
a
complete
action. In
particular,
the interval
required
for
a
read
and
a
write
operation
in
working
memory,
usually taken
as
a
measure
of
computer
speed
|
| CYCLE | 1.
A
sequence
of
operations
that
is
repeated
regularly.
it
takes
for
one
such
sequence
to
occur
|
| CYCLE START | Starting an automatic operation.
|
| CYCLE TIME | Duration of one automatic operation session (excluding stop and pause).
|
| CYCLING
CONTROL | A
fundamental
level
machine
control
which
programmes
the
machine
through
dial
or
plugboard
input
|
| CYLINDRICAL INTERPOLATION | Converting the rotation angle of a rotary axis into a displacement on a linear
axis on the circumference of a circle in the CNC, performing linear interpolation
or circular interpolation between the linear axis and another axis, then
converting the interpolated distance to an angle. Cylindrical interpolation is
used to simplify programming for grooving in a cylindrical cam.
|